It is eight years since the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) called for "dolphins not whales", warning of the "hidden danger to e-government" of over-large ICT projects and cautioning that they "should be avoided wherever possible". Yet, it seems that the lessons have still not been learnt. The goldfish-like memory of public sector ICT procurement persists along with the high-profile disasters.
The famous and often quoted studies into ICT project failures, such as the original 1995 Standish Group CHAOS report and later UK publications by the Public Accounts Committee, the National Audit Office and POST, reiterate the same basic findings: the problems are caused by unclear objectives, poor understanding of requirements, inadequate project management, insufficient user involvement and lack of top management support. All of these "people problems" are very important, to be sure, but far less attention was paid to the problem of project size, tacitly accepting that big is the only way to do public sector ICT.